再论大同南郊北魏遗址所出人物纹银碗——兼谈东信家居广场所出银戒指

A Renewed Study on Silver Bowl with Figure Design from the Northern Wei Site in Southern Suburb of Datong:A Discussion of a Silver Ring found in Dongxin Furniture Plaza

大同南郊北魏遗址所出的人物纹银碗,上面的徽章式半身人物像在萨珊银器中十分盛行。经对比研究,大同银碗上人物所戴圆帽不同于萨珊银器中的人物头饰,缺乏飘带、球状物等萨珊式特征,多在中亚一带的印章、银器上有所体现,但不一定带有嚈哒风格。银碗可能产自中亚,而头部侧面、胸部正面的姿势也并不局限于萨珊文化,带有这种姿势的徽章式半身人物像早在公元3-4世纪的罗马玻璃碗上就有出现。其年代跨度较大,文化属性复杂多样。另外,人物面向不一的特点表明这一时期多元文化交融的现象十分盛行。而大同东信家居广场所出银戒指上的半身女性人物像,具有眼部呈三角形、高鼻、圆下巴、双长辫分开的特点,这些特征多体现在带有嚈哒风格的中亚戒面和印章之中。

The silver bowl with figure design was excavated from the Northern Wei site in southern suburb of Datong and the medallic bust pattern is popular in Sasanian silvers. Through the comparative study, it’s found that the round cap worn by the figure on Datong silver bowl is different from the headwear appeared in Sasanian silvers. This kind of cap lacks Sasanian features such as the ribbon and ball, which more appears on the seals and silvers in Central Asia and may not belong to Hephthalite style. Therefore, the silver bowl is likely to be produced in Central Asia. Besides, the gestures of the profile of head and the front of chest are not the unique characteristics of Sasanian culture. The medallic bust pattern in such a gesture also appeared on a Roman glassware in the third-to-fourth centuries. So it has a long history and diverse culture attributes. Furthermore, the different facial directions indicate that the multi-cultural communication was prevailing during this period. And the female bust on the silver ring discovered in Dongxin Furniture Plaza in Datong is of the characteristics such as the triangle eyes, high nose, round chin and separated double braids, which are common on the rings and seals in Hephthalite style.