两宋金银舍利容器知见录

A Systematic Study on Gold and Silver Container of Buddhist Relics of the Song Dynasties

宋代金银器的设计与制作,从造型到纹饰,都已经完全中土化,这也是金银舍利容器的演变趋向。发现于寺塔地宫的金银舍利容器,或自身有铭记述供养人名姓及器具制作年月,或同出有石函、石碑记述舍利供养事迹,因此地域与时代都很明确。根据目前的发现,金银舍利容器的制作以北宋为多,而器皿与首饰的发现,却是南宋为多。作为金银器史的一部分,两宋舍利容器集中体现的打制与攒造的技艺,同样是这一时代金银首饰的特色,二者自然是相通的。那么从金银器研究的角度来看,这一批资料更有一重实物标本的意义,所包含的文化信息也更为丰富,如七宝阿育王塔那样详细记述捐资和造价情况的铭文,则尤可珍视。本文所记,即为近年各地参观考察所见。

In the Song dynasty, the design and producing including the shape and decoration of gold and silver have been completely sinicized, just as the evolution trend of gold and silver containers of Buddhist relics. The region and era of the gold and silver containers of Buddhist relics discovered in the underground palace of pagoda are definite, because there are devotees’ names and production date inscribed on the containers or the deeds of making offerings recorded on the stone cases or tablets. According to the present material objects, gold and silver containers of Buddhist relics were more produced in the Northern Song dynasty, while most vessels and jewelry were made in the Southern Song dynasty. As a part of the history of gold and silver ware, the techniques of forging and filigree represent the characteristics of the Song containers of Buddhist relics and gold and silver jewelry. Therefore, these materials of rich cultural information can also be considered as the specimens of the real objects in the research on gold and silver ware. For example, the inscription of the Qibao Ashoka Pagoda recording the details of the donation and cost is particularly valuable. The author makes a study according to the investigation across the country in recent years.