论五四运动时期共产主义知识分子的界定标准

On the Definition Standards of Communist Intellectuals during the Period of May 4th Movement

五四运动是一场爱国救亡图存运动,更是一场文化信仰大碰撞的角逐。五四运动前后的中国思想界,有资产阶级改良派、资产阶级革命派,也有社会主义学说的信仰者等。这一时间段里,对马克思主义学说有过介绍、传播的部分知识分子,具有初步共产主义思想的知识分子与共产主义知识分子之间是否等同问题,以及信奉民主主义、无政府主义等思想的知识分子转化为共产主义者的完成时间等问题,都需要确立一个界定标准来鉴别其是否属于共产主义知识分子。这个标准是判断其是否属于共产主义知识分子队伍的重要依据,也是为了更加明确地肯定五四运动时期这些先进的知识分子们对马克思主义的传播以及他们在五四后期中国共产党的成立所发挥的重要作用,并且能够使对“共产主义知识分子”的内涵表达更为严谨、客观。

The May Fourth Movement is both a patriotic and rescue movement,and a competition for cultures and beliefs. Before and after the May Fourth Movement,the Chinese ideological circles included bourgeois reformists,bourgeois revolutionaries,and believers in socialist doctrine. During this period,a defining criterion was needed to identify whether the persons were socialist or not for two issues,one of which was whether there was an equivalence among some intellectuals who had introduced and disseminated Marxist doctrine,intellectuals with preliminary communist ideology and communist intellectuals. The other issue was about the completion time when intellectuals with beliefs in democracy and anarchism transformed into communists. This criterion was an important basis for judging whether they were communist intellectuals. In addition,it also contributed to more clearly affirm the dissemination of Marxism by these advanced intellectuals during the May Fourth Movement and their important role in the establishment of the Communist Party of China in the late May Fourth Movement. Furthermore,it made the expression connotation of "communist intellectuals" more rigorous and objective.