辛亥革命后近代社会乡村秩序重建的探索

Exploration on the Reconstruction of Rural Order in Modern Society

辛亥革命后,皇权统治下的乡村制度逐步瓦解,国家政权不断向乡村深入,国家对乡村治理开始进入现代化探索。在近代社会,民国政府、知识分子、乡村农民对乡村秩序重建都做出了相应的努力,但结果却是乡村失序、乡村经济衰败,其失败的原因主要有统治者在重建乡村秩序时维护统治者政权稳定的目的性很强、农民在乡村秩序建设中处于被动地位和乡村“独裁—剥夺”的治理模式等。

After the Revolution of 1911,the rural system under the imperial rule collapsed,and the state power continued to penetrate into countryside,which means the state began to modernize its exploration of rural governance. In modern society,the government of the Republic of China,intellectuals,and rural peasants have made corresponding efforts to rebuild the order in rural areas,which contributes to the disorder of the countryside and the decline of the rural economy. The reasons for the failure are mainly as follows. Firstly,while the rulers are rebuilding the order in rural areas,their purpose of maintaining political stability is quite evident. What's more,the peasants are in a passive position in the construction of rural order and the governance mode of "dictatorship-deprivation" in rural areas is also relevant to the disorder of the countryside and the decline of the rural economy.