乙酰胆碱合并氯化钙静脉注射致兔和大鼠房颤模型的比较

Comparison on Rabbit and Rat Atrial Fibrillation Models Induced by Intravenous Injection of Acetylcholine-Calcium Chloride Mixed Solution

目的通过条件优选,采用静脉注射乙酰胆碱合并氯化钙(Ach-CaCl_2)混合溶液制备兔房颤(AF)模型。方法静脉注射Ach (66μg/m L)-CaCl_2(10 mg/mL)混合溶液诱发兔AF,单因素实验筛选混合溶液最佳的注射体积和注射速度以及最适的麻醉药种类;连续10 d尾静脉注射Ach (66μg/mL)-CaCl_2(10 mg/mL)混合溶液建立大鼠AF模型。心电图记录AF持续时间,Masson染色和HE染色观察AF兔心房组织病理学改变,并与大鼠AF模型进行比较。结果体积分数0.5%戊巴比妥钠麻醉兔的效果较好。相对于大鼠模型,混合溶液诱发的兔AF持续时间较长,连续10 d造模,兔AF持续时间波动较大,代偿性拮抗作用明显,延长造模时间,AF持续时间趋于平稳。造模28 d,AF持续时间可达80 s,且心房组织纤维化更加明显。结论 Ach-CaCl_2静脉注射,可制备兔AF模型,与大鼠AF模型相比,兔AF持续时间较长,房颤发作时f波和心室波混杂出现,与临床心电图表现相近。

Objective To establish atrial fibrillation(AF) model in rabbit by intravenous injection of acetylcholine(Ach)-calcium chloride(CaCl2) mixture. Methods AF in rabbit was induced by the intravenous administration of Ach(66 μg/m L)-CaCl2(10 mg/mL) in a pilot experiment. Duration of AF was recorded by electrocardiogram. Anesthetics, administration volume and rate of the Ach-CaCl2 mixture were optimized by single-factor test. AF in rat was established by intravenous injection of Ach(66 μg/mL)-CaCl2(10 mg/mL) solution for 10 days. Atrial pathological changes were examined by Masson’s trichrome and HE staining after 10 days, which were compared with the rat AF model.Results Pentobarbital sodium(0.5%) was injected as an anesthetic through the ear vein. A mixture of Ach(66 μg/m L)-CaCl2(10 mg/mL)(1 mL/kg) was administrated at a constant speed over 30 seconds for 10 days and 28 days to establish the rabbit atrial fibrillation model. Compared with the rat AF model, the duration of AF in rabbits was longer and fluctuated greatly. Furthermore, the compensatory effect was more obvious in rabbits treated with the mixture for 10 days, and the duration tended to be stable over time. In the 28 day modeling group, the duration of AF was approximately 80 seconds and atrial fibrosis was observed. Conclusions The rabbit atrial fibrillation model can be induced by the intravenous administration of Ach(66 μg/m L)-CaCl2(10 mg/mL). Compared with the AF in rat, AF in rabbit has a longer AF duration time, and the f-wave and ventricular wave of II lead electrocardiogram appear in AF, which is more similar to clinical.