从需求导向到问题导向:社会工作“中国道路”的专业合法性考察

From Needs-driven to Problem-focused:A Study on the Authority of the Social Work Practice in China

我国本土社会工作已经进入了跨部门联合推动的阶段,不仅服务的领域和深度得到进一步拓展,而且服务专业化呼声越来越高,急需服务对象以及利益相关方认可,获得专业合法性,而国内有关研究却集中在专业性的探讨上,忽视专业性背后的合法性问题。因此,有必要针对我国本土社会工作实践逻辑的专业合法性进行考察,使我国本土社会工作真正具有不可替代的专业性。研究发现,我国本土社会工作走的是一条"我找你"的场景实践的专业化道路,与西方根本不同,需要转变西方"你找我"这种以需求为导向、抽离日常生活的"科学化"的普遍逻辑,走进服务对象的日常生活中,以问题为导向,深入服务对象的生活场景中寻找问题解决的方法,建立一种场景实践中经验反思的差异逻辑。

Now Chinese social work is undergoing the period of development driven by multi-sectors of government, and as a result, the service fields are extended and service depth is deepened as well as the demand of professionalization is high. So the social work’s authority is just under recognized, but the research on it is few. This article is intended to find the Chinese social work is developing in a different way from West, which requires social workers to assertively go into the daily life of clients and make up decision in context. It follows up a concrete logic based on one’s reflection in situation.