黔东苗语概数助词“no44”探析

Analysis on the Formal and Semantic Characteristics of Approximate “no44 ” in the Qian East Dialect of Hmub Language

黔东苗语“no^44”在“tcu^31+no^44、o^33+tcu^31+no^44……”“liɑη^55+no^44、nhiu^44+no^44……”等结构中表示概数或约量。黔东苗语概数助词“no^44”的结构可以划分为进位制数词+no^44、度量衡单位量词+no44、数量结构+no^44三种类型。通过对语言事实的考察分析,发现在概数结构中,no^44的词义可以表示“左右”“略超于”“略多”与“略等于”,其中,“左右”占绝大多数,“略多”和“略超于”次之。

The approximate no44 which in construction such as“tcu^31+no^44、o^33+tcu^31+no^44……”,“liɑη^55+no^44、nhiu^44+no^44……”means“approximate”or“about”in Hmub Language.This article analysises and judges that:Part one is discussing three types of approximate construction as decimal numerals+no44,measure-quantifiers+no44 and numeral-quantifiers structure+no^44.Part two is discussing the word meaning of no^44 with the language facts as“about”“roughly over”“roughly more”and“roughly equal to”in the approximate construction,and“about”is much more than others,“roughly more”and“roughly equal to”behind it.This article also points out that discussing the construction meaning base on the language facts is the best available evidence.