川西高原冬虫夏草生态气候区划研究

A Study of Eco-Climate Zoning for Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Western Sichuan Plateau

川西高原是我国冬虫夏草的重要产区,但其生态气候适宜区一直不是十分明确.综合分析国内特别是川西高原冬虫夏草的调查研究成果,结合产区实际,初步确定以海拔高度、年平均气温、年平均降水量、植被类型、土壤类型、坡度等为区划指标,利用GIS空间分析方法进行生态气候适宜性区划.结果表明:冬虫夏草适宜区和次适宜区广泛分布于川西高原的北部高原和南部横断山区的山体山原中上部的草甸和草甸灌丛中,但分布区破碎分散,呈带状、片状或块状.北部高原区相对成片,南部横断山区多以河流和宽谷为界,孤立分散.以雅砻江--鲜水河北延至壤塘县东为界,西部多适宜区,东部以次适宜区为主.以州为界,适宜区主要分布在甘孜州、阿坝州以次适宜区为主.经对比验证,区划结果比较真实、准确,直观地反映了川西高原冬虫夏草的适宜性空间分布,可以为虫草资源调查研究、生态环境保护管理和合理综合利用等提供决策依据.

Western Sichuan Plateau is a major producing area of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in China.However,until now it has not been clear which eco-climate areas are suitable for the growth of O. sinensis.Based on a comprehensive analysis of the findings in previous investigations of the growth and production of O. sinensis in China,especially in Western Sichuan Plateau,the authors of this paper use the GIS spatial analysis method to make eco-climate zoning for the growth suitability of O. sinensis,with altitude,annual average temperature,annual mean precipitation,vegetation form,soil type and gradient as the indicators.The results show that suitable and subsuitable areas for O. sinensis are widely distributed in the meadows and meadow thickets in the middle and upper parts of the mountain plain in the northern plateau and the southern Hengduan Mountains area of Western Sichuan Plateau.But the distribution areas appear fragmented,in shattered bands,chips or bulk pieces.In the northern plateau area,there are more bulk pieces.In the southern Hengduan Mountains area,separated by rivers and valleys,the pieces disperse isolatedly.With a line from the Yalong River-Xianshui River to the east of Rangtang County as the boundary,the western part is largely suitable area for O. sinensis while most parts of the eastern part are subsuitable areas.Based on administration division,suitable and subsuitable areas for O. sinensis are mainly distributed in Garzê Prefecture and Ngawa Prefecture,respectively.According to the results observed in a field visit,the analysis result reported in this paper is fairly consistent with the actual local situation,accurately reflecting the growth distribution of O. sinensis and,therefore,may provide evidence for the research,protection and utilization of O. sinensis resources in Western Sichuan Plateau.