面向时空可达性的城市应急医疗机构推荐方法

Selection Method for Urban Emergency Medical Institutions Considering Spatiotemporal Accessibility

快速选择和分配应急医疗机构是城市突发事件应急响应的一个重要方面。医疗机构的地理位置和城市实时交通是影响城市医疗机构时空可达性的主要因素,医疗机构的资源数量和突发事件的救助需求是否匹配决定了医疗服务的可及性。本文综合考虑以上影响因素,将医疗机构的地理位置、实时道路通行情况、医疗机构等级及其资源数量以及突发事件的救助需求作为选择指标,建立适合城市突发事件应急救助需求的医疗机构选择模型,设计其算法流程并利用青岛市相关数据进行实验,验证其可行性及关键步骤的作用。本文提出的应急医疗机构选择模型及算法能够在推荐医疗机构的同时完成救治人员分配和路线规划,提高了应急医疗机构的选择效率,对城市突发事件应急响应具有一定的应用价值和决策指导意义。

With the rapid development of urbanization in China, urban scale is increasing. The urban population is increasing rapidly, and public emergencies occur frequently, which raises new requirements for emergency management and decision-making of public emergency departments. In cities, the population density is very large and the speed of population flow is fast. Once an emergency occurs in the crowd, there will be so many people involved. Therefore, relevant departments are required to take scientific and efficient emergency response actions timely. It is an important aspect of emergency response for urban emergencies to select and allocate emergency medical institutions. In the process of emergency decision-making, the selection of medical institutions should meet two requirements. On one hand, it should enable the injured to reach the selected medical institutions quickly;On the other hand, it requires the selected medical institutions to have the ability to deal with emergency events and realize the accessibility of emergency medical services. However, geographic location of medical institutions and real-time traffic are the main factors affecting the spatiotemporal accessibility of medical institutions. Meanwhile, the availability of medical services is determined by the matching degree between the resource quantity in medical institutions and emergency assistance need. Based on existing research and the theory of spatiotemporal accessibility, this paper focused on the needs of urban emergency relief, and studied the method to recommend emergency medical institutions for decision-makers. So,the location of medical institutions, real-time traffic, the grade and resources quantity of medical institutions, and the need for emergency assistance were used as choice indicators to define the spatiotemporal accessibility of medical institutions. A medical institution selection model suitable for emergency assistance of city emergencies was proposed, which can recommend medical institutions that meet the emergency response requirements for emergency decision-makers. On this basis, an algorithmic flow for the model was designed, and its feasibility and the role of key steps were verified experimentally. Compared with the traditional accessibility measurement method, the emergency medical institution selection model and algorithm proposed in this paper consider the impact of real-time road traffic situation and the matching degree between emergency rescue demand and emergency resource. Meanwhile, this algorithm can complete the route planning while selecting the most suitable medical assistance institution, which can improve the decision-making efficiency. It is of great practical significance for improving emergency response.