Exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift based on cosmological principle and Yang-Mills gravity

Based on the cosmological principle and quantum Yang-Mills gravity in the super-macroscopic limit, we obtain an exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift z, as measured in an inertial frame F≡F(t,x,y,z). For a matter-dominated universe, we have the effective cosmic metric tensor Gμν(t)=(B^2(t),-A^2(t),-A^2(t),-A^2(t)), A∝B∝t^1/2, where t has the operational meaning of time in F frame. We assume a cosmic action S≡Scos involving Gμν(t) and derive the ‘Okubo equation’ of motion, G^μν(t)■μS■νS-m^2=0, for a distant galaxy with mass m. This cosmic equation predicts an exact recession velocity, r=rH/[1/2+√1/4+r^2H^2/C0^2]<Co, where H=A(t)/A(t) and Co=B/A, as observed in the inertial frame F. For small velocities, we have the usual Hubble's law r≈rH for recession velocities. Following the formulation of the accelerated Wu-Doppler effect, we investigate cosmic redshifts z as measured in F. It is natural to assume the massless Okubo equation, G^μν(t)■μψe■νψe=0, for light emitted from accelerated distant galaxies. Based on the principle of limiting continuation of physical laws, we obtain a transformation for covariant wave 4-vectors between and inertial and an accelerated frame, and predict a relationship for the exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift, z=[(1+Vr)/(1-Vr^2)1/2]-1, where Vr=r/Co<1, as observed in the inertial frame F. These predictions of the cosmic model are consistent with experiments for small velocities and should be further tested.

Based on the cosmological principle and quantum Yang-Mills gravity in the super-macroscopic limit, we obtain an exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift z, as measured in an inertial frame F ≡ F（t, x, y, z）. For a matter-dominated universe, we have the effective cosmic metric tensor Gμν（t） =（B2（t）,-A2（t）,-A2（t）,-A2（t））,A ∝ B ∝ t1/2, where t has the operational meaning of time in F frame. We assume a cosmic action S ≡ S cos involving Gμν（t） and derive the ‘Okubo equation’ of motion, G μν（t）?μS ?νS-m2= 0, for a distant galaxy with mass m. This cos-√mic equation predicts an exact recession velocity, ■, where H = A˙（t）/A（t） and Co = B/A, as observed in the inertial frame F. For small velocities, we have the usual Hubble’s law r≈ rH for recession velocities. Following the formulation of the accelerated Wu-Doppler effect, we investigate cosmic redshifts z as measured in F. It is natural to assume the massless Okubo equation, G μν（t）?μψe?νψe= 0, for light emitted from accelerated distant galaxies. Based on the principle of limiting continuation of physical laws, we obtain a transformation for covariant wave 4-vectors between and inertial and an accelerated frame, and predict a relationship for the exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift, z = [（1 + Vr）/（1-Vr2）1/2]-1, where Vr= r˙/Co< 1, as observed in the inertial frame F. These predictions of the cosmic model are consistent with experiments for small velocities and should be further tested.