4～6岁幼儿集合比较水平研究

A Study on the Level of Comparison of Children Aged 4-6

以成都市6所幼儿园的360名4?6岁幼儿为研究对象,测查其集合比较水平发现,大班幼儿集合比较总体水平高于中班幼儿。年龄与材料排列方式对幼儿集合比较水平有显著影响,表现为大班幼儿集合比较得分高于中班幼儿,幼儿在封闭式集合中进行集合比较的得分高于线式集合。中班与大班幼儿均倾向于使用视觉性提示和数数策略进行集合比较,大班幼儿相对更倾向于使用数数策略,尤其在所含元素较多的封闭式集合中。中班与大班幼儿集合比较出错原因集中于视觉判断失误和错数,且中班幼儿出错率更高。研究者据此建议鼓励幼儿使用一一对应策略进行集合比较,提供适宜幼儿练习集合比较的材料。

Taking 360 children aged 4-6 from 6 kindergartens in Chengdu as research subjects, this study tries to find out the level of those children’s comparison. The results indicate that children aged 6 show higher level than those aged 5;age and the arrangement of materials have significant influences on children's level of comparison since children aged 6 scored higher than children aged 5, and children scored higher in the closed arrangement than in the linear arrangement;children aged 5 and 6 tend to choose visual cue and counting strategies;children aged 6 are more able to use counting strategy, especially in the closed arrangement with more elements;the major causes of their problems are visual misjudgment and miscounting;children aged 5 made more mistakes. It is suggested that one-to-one strategy should be adopted in comparison and suitable materials should be provided for children to practice comparison.