重要地下害虫东北大黑鳃金龟研究进展

Research progress of an important underground insect pest Holotrichia diomphalia

东北大黑鳃金龟 Holotrichia diomphalia 是我国东北地区重要的蛴螬类地下害虫,主要危害麦类、玉米、豆类等大田作物,以及薯类、花生等经济作物。华北大黑鳃金龟 Holotrichia oblita 和江南大黑鳃金龟 Holotrichia gebleri 是华北及江南地区的主要蛴螬类害虫。近年来,传统分类学、杂交实验以及分子生物学的研究都证明, 3种鳃金龟是同一个物种的不同地理种群,这些研究成果使东北大黑鳃金龟从一个区域性害虫转变成为分布范围从东北到长江流域的广布害虫。本文综合介绍了东北大黑鳃金龟(包括华北大黑鳃金龟、江南大黑鳃金龟)近二十年来的研究成果,包括分类学、发生规律、防治措施,以及生理生化及分子生物学等,并对东北大黑鳃金龟的综合治理研究进行了展望。

Holotrichia diomphalia Bates (Coleptera: Melolomthidea) which distributes in Northeast China is an important underground pest.The crop hosts of H.diomphalia includes wheat,corn,soybean,potatoes,peanuts.White grub,the larva of this beetle,feeds on the underground parts of plants,such as seeds,roots,tubers,and nuts.The white grub caused heaviest damage and huge loss of host crups in agricultural production.Holotrichia oblita and Holotrichia gebleri which distribute in north of China were proved to be the same species with H.diomphalia according to the morphological and molecular analysis.Progresses have been made in biology,physiology,ecology,and control measure of H.diomphalia in recent years.The taxology,life habits,distribution,biochemistry,and control measures were reviewed.In order to provide direction and references for future prevention and control work,the prospects were also proposed.