美韩同盟的运行机制及其演变

The Operating Regimes of the US-ROK Alliance and Their Evolutions

机制建设是同盟建设的重要方面。60余年来,通过一系列合作机制的构建,美韩同盟已成为历史上关系最为紧密和机制化水平最高的同盟。美韩同盟的基本运行机制形成于冷战时期的20世纪六七十年代。冷战后,随着国际和地区安全环境的变化以及美韩两国安全战略的调整,美韩同盟及其运行机制也进行了相应的调整。由于受到政治力量左右分化因素的影响,不同政府时期的美韩同盟机制的调整方向不同,在进步的卢武铉政府时期美韩同盟走向弱化,在保守的李明博政府和朴槿惠政府时期同盟关系则前所未有地得到了加强。文在寅政府执政以来,围绕韩军战时作战指挥权移交问题的推进,美韩同盟及其运行机制再次进入了调整期,从而使美韩同盟在联合指挥体系具体将形成怎样的合作机制等方面具有相当大的不确定性。

Regime-building is an important aspect of alliance construction. Over the past six decades, the US-ROK alliance has become the closest alliance with the highest level of institutionalization in history through the construction of a series of cooperation regimes. The basic operating regimes of the US-ROK alliance were formed in the 1960s and 1970s. After the Cold War, with the changes of international and regional security environment and the adjustment of security strategies of the United States and South Korea, the US-ROK alliance and its operating regimes have also been adjusted accordingly. Due to the political cleavages in South Korea, the US-ROK alliance regimes have developed distinct characteristics in different administrations. During the progressive Roh Moohyun administration, the US-ROK alliance had been weakened, whereas strengthened unprecedentedly during the conservative Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye administrations. After the Moon Jae-in administration came into power, the US-ROK alliance and its operating regimes began to enter a period of adjustment again around the issue of the transfer of wartime operational control of the ROK's forces that makes the US-ROK alliance full of uncertainties in the specific cooperative regime of joint command system in future.