蒙古国铜矿床成矿规律

Summary on Metallogeny of Copper Deposits in Mongolia

随着欧玉陶勒盖这个世界级铜矿的发现与开发,蒙古国已成为全球重要的铜资源大国。在前人研究基础上,对蒙古国境内的铜矿床主要成矿类型及其时空分布特点进行了总结,认为蒙古国内的铜矿床主要类型是斑岩型,其次是VMS型。根据这些铜矿床的形成时代与产出特点,可以将其划分为南、北2条铜矿带,分别为与古亚洲洋构造体系有关的斑岩型和VMS型Cu-Au-Mo-Zn多金属成矿带(Ⅰ),和与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋构造体系有关的斑岩型Cu-Mo-Au成矿带(Ⅱ)。其中南部Cu矿带又可以进一步细分为:①泥盆纪VMS型Cu-Zn成矿亚带(Ⅰ1);②晚泥盆世斑岩型Cu-Au-Mo成矿亚带(Ⅰ2);和③石炭纪斑岩型Cu多金属成矿亚带(Ⅰ3)。而北部Cu矿带则可以进一步划分为西部三叠纪斑岩型Cu-Mo成矿亚带(Ⅱ1)和东部三叠纪-早侏罗世斑岩型Cu-Mo-Au成矿亚带(Ⅱ2)。根据蒙古国的构造演化历史及其所产出的矿化特征,认为蒙古国铜矿的找矿潜力仍然是以斑岩型为主,其次是VMS型,与基性-超基性岩有关的Cu-Ni硫化物型矿床也具有一定的找矿潜力。

With the discovery and development of the world-class Oyu Tologoi Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Mongolia has become an important copper resource country in the world. On the basis of previous studies, this paper summarizes the main metallogenic types and temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of copper deposits in Mongolia. It is concluded that the main types of copper deposits in Mongolia are porphyry type, followed by VMS type. According to the formation age and occurrence characteristics of these copper deposits, they can be divided into two copper metallogenic belts, southern porphyry type and VMS type Cu-Au-Mo-Zn polymetallic metallogenic belt (Ⅰ) related to paleo-Asian oceanic tectonic system, and northern porphyry type Cu-Mo-Au metallogenic belt (Ⅱ) related to Mongolia-Okhotsk oceanic tectonic system, respectively. The southern Cu metallogenic belt can be further subdivided into:(1) the Devonian VMS type Cu-Zn metallogenic sub-belt (Ⅰ 1),(2) the Late Devonian porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic sub-belt (Ⅰ 2), and (3) the Carboniferous porphyry Cu polymetallic metallogenic sub-belt (Ⅰ 3). The northern Cu metallogenic belt consists of Triassic porphyry Cu-Mo metallogenic sub-belt (Ⅱ 1) and eastern Triassic-Early Jurassic porphyry Cu-Mo-Au metallogenic sub-belt (Ⅱ 2). According to the tectonic evolution history and metallogeny of copper deposits of Mongolia, the paper suggests that the main prospecting potential of copper deposits in Mongolia is still porphyry type, followed by VMS type. The mafic-ultramafic rock-related Cu-Ni sulphides deposit also has certain potential for the exploration.