高精度钢轨三维廓形检测系统研究

Research on high precision rail 3D profile detection system

为快速、准确地检测钢轨廓形,提出了一种基于高精度激光轮廓仪的智能钢轨廓形测量系统。根据钢轨建立世界坐标系,构建钢轨廓形测量模型。采用4套高精度三维激光轮廓仪对轨身全面扫描,获取钢轨的4条轮廓线,并进行坐标系的旋转和拼接得到钢轨的真实轮廓,完成对外形尺寸及特征参数的测量和计算。经现场测试,钢轨高度、轨头宽度、轨底宽度和人工测量相比,重复误差分别在0.015~0.027 mm,0.023~0.076 mm,0.036~0.071 mm之间,绝对误差分别在0.012~0.032 mm,0.02~0.07 mm,0.01~0.12 mm之间。证明该系统可以高效、稳定地完成钢轨外形尺寸的检测工作,提高了测量速度和精度。

For the purpose of detecting the rail profile quickly and accurately,a rail profile measuring system based on high-precision laser profiler is proposed.Establishing a world coordinate system according to the rails and a rail profile measurement model is constructed.Four sets of high-precision 3 D laser profilers are used to scan the rail body to obtain four contour lines of the rail,and convert the coordinate system and matching to get the real contour of the rail,and complete the measurement and calculation of the profile size and characteristic parameters.Compared with manual measurement,the repeating errors of the rail height,rail head width and rail bottom width are between 0.015~0.027 mm,0.023~0.076 mm and 0.036~0.071 mm,respectively,and the absolute errors are between 0.012~0.032 mm,0.02~0.07 mm and 0.01~0.12 mm,respectively,by field test.It proves that the system can complete the inspection of the rail profile size efficiently and stably,and improve the measurement speed and precision.