当代还傩愿传承危机的深层原因及对策探究——基于湘西用坪及黔东南平庄傩文化考察

The Deep Reasons and Countermeasures of the Crisis of Inheritance of Taking the Contemporary Nuo Vow: An Investigation of Nuo Culture in Pingzhuang of Qiandongnan and Yongping of Xiangxi

还傩愿作为一种原始宗教仪式活动,在中华人民共和国成立后至“文化大革命”期间出现过断裂,但是改革开放后又获得复兴重建,然而重建后的当代还傩愿却面临着传承危机。通过对湘西用坪及黔东南岑巩平庄以还傩愿为中心的傩文化考察,发现其传承危机的深层原因主要包括:传承机制的制约、文化记忆的逐步消逝、民众需求及社会意识结构的变迁等,基于该类信仰民俗传承的特点,可以采取一些以引导为主的、与其深层原因相关且符合其内在运作规律的对策。

As a primitive religious ritual activity, Nuo vow broke up between the founding of the People's Republic of China and the Cultural Revolution, but it was revived and rebuilt after the reform and opening up. However, the contemporary Nuo vow after reconstruction is facing a crisis of inheritance. Based on the investigation of Nuo culture in Yongping of Xiangxi and Cenggong Pingzhuang of Qiandongnan, it is found that the deep causes of its inheritance crisis mainly include: the restriction of inheritance mechanism, the gradual disappearance of cultural memory, the needs of the people and the change of social consciousness structure. Based on the characteristics of the inheritance of this kind of belief, we can adopt some countermeasures which are mainly guided, related to its deep reasons and in accordance with its inherent operation law.