中国乡村的农家乐旅游与竞争空间

Nongjiale Tourism and Contested Space in Rural China

过去的20年里,一种独特的乡村旅游形式在中国蓬勃发展起来。这一中国式的乡村旅游形式有一个时兴的称呼,叫作“农家乐”。它是指农民在自己的农家院里招待都市客人,为他们提供具有典型的乡土、家庭、真实、环保、健康和传统等象征意义的乡野食物和居住环境。农家乐农家院的空间为城乡之间的遭遇、社会边界的制造和农民主人与都市客人之间的身份认同政治提供了鲜明可观的场域。通过关注农家乐农家院的空间,探讨了都市客人和农民主人如何想象和体验中国乡村,以及在改革开放之后意义场域与城乡权力关系均处于快速变动的状态下,这一空间是如何将多样的社会进程、散乱的体系和物质与象征力量联系起来的。

A unique form of rural tourism has been booming over the past two decades in China. This Chinese version of rural tourism, popularly called nongjiale, involves peasant families hosting urbanite guests in their farm guesthouses, providing them with rustic food and lodging that symbolize something quintessentially rural, familial, authentic, eco-friendly, healthy, and traditional. The space of nongjiale farm guesthouses provides a significant locus of rural-urban encounters, social-boundary making, and identity politics between peasant hosts and urbanite guests. Focusing on the space of nongjiale farm guesthouses, this article explores how urbanite guests and peasant hosts imagine and experience China's countryside and how this articulates with diverse social processes, discursive systems, and material and symbolic forces in the rapidly changing field of meanings and rural-urban power relations in post-Reform China.