王阳明心学廉政思想阐释及其当代价值

An Interpretation of Wang Yangming’s Clean Government Thought in the Philosophy of the Mind and Its Contemporary Value

在王阳明心学文献中,不乏有关为官为学为人等方面的廉洁规约、劝诫、论说,并深度嵌入王阳明心学的三大核心范畴中。以“心即理”为理论基础的“破心中贼”,无疑是阐释王阳明廉政思想的“关键词”。王阳明所指的“心中贼”,涵盖人皆有之的名利权色等各种过度和非分的贪欲、执念。其“破”的方法是去除私心物欲遮蔽,使其良知显现光大。在作为王阳明心学主旨的“致良知”中,“廉”是良知的应有之义。虽与生俱来,但也需要发之于情、诉之于理、验之于事事物物。在这个过程中,良知发用于己为廉洁,发用于众为廉明,发用于政为廉政。着眼于当时表里不一、知行脱节的政风学风世风的补偏救弊,王阳明强调“知行合一”里知和行的“良知”性质即其德性和德行意义,主张真知真行,注重知行的“合一并进”。王阳明终其一生立志做圣贤,身体力行并推己及人“致良知”,可谓其廉政思想“知行合一”的表率。就此而言,王阳明心学中蕴涵的廉政思想,不仅是中国传统廉政文化中的精华,也是增强中国人廉政文化自信的切入点之一——王阳明心学中的“破心中贼”与当前正在构筑的“不想腐”堤坝,无论在反腐倡廉的对象、范围、内容上还是理念、路径、措施上都有很大程度的同质性,而以为善去恶为主要内容的“致良知”,可提供“党性”与“心性”之间的跨时空对话基础,“知行合一”则对研判和治理“两面人”“两面派”现象具有重要的借鉴意义。深入挖掘、阐释、传承、转化王阳明心学廉政思想的当代价值在于,有助于作为共产党人“心学”重要组成部分的廉政建设,扎根于更深厚的中华优秀传统文化的心性沃土,实现党风廉政教育的外在引导与内在认同的统一,以启发共产党人、青年学生及广大人民群众内心道德的自觉、自信和自主,从而为在根本上构筑“不想腐”的堤坝指出王阳明心学的方向和路径,为新时期不忘和增强廉政初心提供可资借鉴的传统廉政思想文化资源与重要精神支撑,对上好共产党人的“心学”“必修课”和公民廉洁自律“公共课”无疑具有重要的现实意义。

In the literature of Wang Yangming’s Philosophy of the Mind,there is no lack of incorrupt regulations,exhortations and argumentation related to officials,scholars and civilians,which are deeply embedded in the three core categories of Wang Yangming’s Philosophy of the Mind.“Dislodging the Thief in Heart”,which is based on the Philosophy of the Mind,is undoubtedly the “key words” to interpret Wang Yangming’s thought of clean government.The thief that was mentioned by Wang Yangming includes all kind of fame,fortune,power,sex and other excessive and presumptuous greed and obsession of everyone.The method of “dislodging” is to remove the cover of selfishness and material desire and make its innate conscience appear and bright.In “Purifying Innate Conscience”,the main theme of Wang Yangming’s Philosophy of the Mind,“cleanness” is the due meaning of “innate conscience”.Although it is born with nature,it also needs to be rooted in emotion,appealed to reason and tested on things.In this process,the “innate conscience” has its different ways of cleanness when used in individual,public and government.Focusing on remedying and rectifying duplicity and dishonest mood in political,academic and social circles,Wang Yangming emphasized that the nature of “innate conscience” of knowing and doing in the “Unity of Knowing and Acting” meant the significance of moral understanding and moral doings and he advocated genuine moral understanding and moral doings and paid attention to the “integration and progress” of them.In his lifetime,Wang Yangming was determined to be a sage,to earnestly practise “Purifying Innate Conscience” by himself and consider others in one’s own location,which can be regarded as a model of his thought of “Unity of Knowing and Acting”.In that regard,the thought of clean government implied in Wang Yangming’s Philosophy of the Mind is not only the essence of Chinese traditional clean government culture,but also one of the cut-in point to enhance the confidence of Chinese people’s clean government culture because there is a great degree of homogeneity in the object,scope,content,idea,path and measure of anti-corruption and advocating clean government between “Dislodging the Thief in Heart” of Wang Yangming’s Philosophy of the Mind and “no corruption desire” initiative.The main content of “Purifying Innate Conscience” is to do the good and get rid of the evil,which can provide a trans-time-space basis for dialogue between “Communist Party of China’s spirit” and “mind nature”.Moreover,“Unity of Knowing and Acting” is of great reference significance for analyzing,judging and treating the “double-faced man” and “double-dealing” phenomena.The contemporary value of deeply digging,interpreting,inheriting and transforming the thought of clean government evolved from Wang Yangming’s Philosophy of the Mind lies in helping us make the clean government education,which is an important part of the Chinese Communists’“spirit education” rooted in the fertile soil of the more profound traditional Chinese culture,and realizing the unity of external guidance,internal identification and spiritual awareness to enlighten inherent moral self-awareness,self-confidence and self-independence of the Chinese Communists,young students and the majority of the broad masses.In this way,the thought can point out the direction and path to construct the dam of “no corruption desire” fundamentally and provide traditional ideological cultural resources reference and important spiritual support for the construction of anti-corruption and advocating clean government in the new era,which is undoubtedly of great practical significance for the “compulsory courses” of the Communists’“spirit education” and the “general required courses” of citizens’ incorruption and self-discipline.