后搬迁时代易地扶贫搬迁如何实现长效减贫?——基于社区营造视角

How to Achieve Long-term Poverty Reduction in Relocation Poverty Alleviation in the Post Relocation Era?——Based on the Perspective of Community Building

当前,我国易地扶贫搬迁即将全面进入工作目标为“稳得住”“可致富”“能发展”的后搬迁时代,工作目标的达致依赖长效减贫机制的建构。从社区营造视角并结合易地扶贫搬迁地方实践中的典型案例,研究认为通过社区营造推动移民安置社区从过渡型逐渐转变为发展共同体,是实现搬迁户长效减贫的可行路径。具言之,移民安置社区营造聚焦在三个层面:社区主体层面,营造社区多元主体并促进其积极参与社区发展与贫困治理,从而激发社区内部的组织化减贫动力;社会空间层面,营造制度空间、公共空间、生计空间等多维空间,在社区秩序、社会交往和保护性生计的营造中促进移民的社区融入与生计安全;社会关联层面,营造紧密利益关联并借助具体社会关系的“传帮带”,促进移民提升自我发展能力。通过“社区主体-社会空间-社会关联”三位一体的社区营造,移民安置社区的发展导向不仅是一种强化社区移民之间社会和心理联结的生活共同体,更是一种融入共同性的经济发展与能力建设的发展共同体。

At present,the relocation poverty alleviation in China is about to enter the post-relocation era with the goal of “residence stability”“getting rich”and “able to develop”.The achievement of the goal depends on the construction of a long-term poverty reduction mechanism.Based on the perspective of community construction and the typical cases in the local practice of relocation poverty alleviation,this paper argues that the “transitional”resettlement community transforming into a developmental community through community construction is a feasible way to construct a long-term poverty reduction mechanism.In other words,the construction of resettlement community focuses on three levels:the level of community subject,the construction of multiple community subjects and promotion of their participation in community development and poverty governance,so as to stimulate the impetus of organized poverty reduction within the community.At the level of social space,multi-dimensional spaces such as institutional space,public space and livelihood space should be created to promote community-based production in the construction of community order,community integration and livelihood security.At the level of social connection,it is necessary to create close interest relations and promote the self-development ability of immigrants with the help of specific social relations.Through the triad of community building with “community subject-social space-social connection”,the development orientation of immigrant settlement community is not only a life community committed to strengthening the social and psychological connection of community immigrants,but also a community development community integrated with common economic development and ability improvement.