家庭经营的弹性结构与渐进的中国农业现代化实践

The Elastic Structure of Family Operation and the Gradual Modernization Mode of Chinese Agriculture

现有农业现代化研究强调农地规模经营指标,将农民视为被动的主体,忽视小农户的发展权益,倾向通过制度安排和政策引导推动农地集中和规模经营。实际上,农民是以制度变迁中能动主体的身份参与中国城镇化、工业化和农业现代化的历史进程,他们根据资源禀赋灵活选择家庭劳动力配置模式和家计安排模式,这使农业家庭经营呈现出丰富的实践内涵,形成一种弹性的发展型结构。受这种弹性的家庭经营影响,一种以“家庭经营为基础,社会化服务为保障”的统分结合的渐进的中国特色社会主义农业现代化实践模式正在加速形成。适度的土地集中和规模经营速度与有序推进的服务规模化水平,使中国的农业现代化能够兼顾小农户的发展权益,显示出社会主义制度成果的深远影响。

The Existing agricultural modernization research emphasizes the scale management index of farmland,regards farmers as passive subjects,and neglects the development rights and interests of small farmers.It tends to promote farmland concentration and scale management by institutional arrangements and policy guidance.This article holds that farmers take part in the historical process of China's urbanization,industrialization and agricultural modernization as an active subject in institutional change.Farmers choose the mode of family labor allocation and family planning according to their natural resources,which makes the family operation present rich practical connotation and forms an elastic development structure.Affected by the elastic structure of family operation,a gradual pattern of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics,which is based on family management and guaranteed by socialized services,is speeding up its formation.Moderate land concentration,large-scale operation speed and orderly promotion of service scale level enable China's agricultural modernization to take into account the development rights and interests of small farmers,which shows the far-reaching impact of socialist system achievements.