基于自我效能理论的健康教育干预对胃癌患者生活质量的影响

Effect of health education intervention based on self-efficacy theory on quality of life of patients with gastric cancer

目的评价基于自我效能理论的健康教育干预对胃癌患者术后生活质量的影响。方法将2016年5月~2017年8月在西安交通大学第一附属医院(以下简称“我院”)接受手术切除治疗的96例胃癌患者按照其就诊顺序进行编号,采用随机数字表法分为两组,对照组给予常规护理方案,观察组在对照组的基础上给予基于自我效能理论的健康教育干预。比较两组患者焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、癌症患者生命质量测定量表QLQ-C30评分和自我效能量表(GSES)评分。结果术前,两组患者SAS、VAS、QLQ-C30(躯体功能、认知功能、情绪功能、社会功能)、GSES评分比较差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0.05)。术后,两组患者SAS及VAS评分均低于术前,且观察组SAS及VAS评分均低于对照组,另外,两组患者QLQ-C30(躯体功能、认知功能、情绪功能、社会功能)、GSES评分均高于术前,且观察组患者QLQ-C30(躯体功能、认知功能、情绪功能、社会功能)、GSES评分也均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.05)。结论基于自我效能理论的健康教育干预能减轻患者的疼痛感,缓解患者的心理压力,改善患者躯体功能、认知功能、情绪功能及社会功能,有效提升患者的生活质量,促进患者术后快速康复。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education intervention based on self-efficacy theory on postoperative quality of life of patients with gastric cancer. Methods Ninety-six patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgical resection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University (“our hospital” for short) from May 2016 to August 2017 were numbered according to their registration order of treatment. They were divided into two groups by random number table method. The control group received routine care plan, and the observation group received the health education intervention based on the self-efficacy theory on basis of the control group. The scores of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), visual analogue scale (VAS), quality of life questionnaire for cancer patients QLQ-C30 and general self-efficacy scale (GSES) were compared between the two groups. Results Before surgery, there were no statistically significant differences in SAS, VAS, QLQ-C30 (physical function, cognitive function, emotional function, social function) and GSES scores between the two groups (all P > 0.05). After surgery, SAS and VAS scores of the two groups were lower than those before surgery, and both SAS and VAS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group;in addition, the scores of QLQ-C30 (physical function, cognitive function, emotional function, social function) and GSES of the two groups were higher than the preoperative scores, and the scores of QLQ-C30 (physical function, cognitive function, emotional function, social function) and GSES of the observation group were also significantly higher than those of the control group, the differences were all statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Health education intervention based on self-efficacy theory can reduce the pain of patients, relieve the psychological pressure of patients, improve the physical function, cognitive function, emotional function and social function of patients, effectively improve the quality of life of patients, and promote rapid recovery after surgery.