城乡关系演进下的中国农业发展——历程、特征及路径探索

China Development of Agriculture in the Evolution of Rural-urban Relationship: Experience, Character and Path

纵观我国农业的发展历程,可以发现,城乡关系与农业发展绩效密切相关。城乡隔离,农村剩余劳动力滞留,则劳动生产率水平难以提升;城市吸引力大,劳动力向城市迁移过快,则不利于农业的高质量发展。当前我国农业发展仍然面临诸多问题,如粮食安全问题、农产品质量问题、农业污染问题等,其中最突出的是农村剩余劳动力需要转移与现代农业对职业型农民的需求并存。解决这一难题,需要选择走高质量农业发展道路,重点从培育新型农业企业家、促进农村产业融合、发展生态农业和功能产品、实现生产方式多样化四个方面着手。

Throughout the entire process of development, the rural-urban relationship is essential. Isolation blocks labor flows from rural areas to cities and slows the acceleration of productivity. On the other hand, inspired by the fast development of the urban regions, farmers abandon farms and move to cities, which act as a drag of agricultural development. Nowadays, agriculture is still in disadvantages, facing some problems, such as food safety issues, lack of high-quality agricultural products, and agriculture-caused pollution. The most advent problem is the conflict of population flow: labor outflow from rural areas and demand of inspired and professional farmers. To deal with this dilemma, there are four elements to make a road map for the development of agriculture in quality: new agricultural entrepreneur, integration of agricultural industry, environmental agriculture, and diversified mode of production.