小农户现代农业发展的萌发：农户间土地流转和三种农地经营方式并存的村庄考察——以安徽省D村为个案分析

The Germination of Modern Agricultural Development for Small Farmer Households:A Case Study on Land Transfer Among Farmer Households and Co-existence of Three Farmland Operation Modes in Village D of Anhui Province

十九大提出“实现小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接”激发了如何实现有机衔接的讨论,其中培育新型农业经营主体以带动小农户、建立农业社会化服务体系以服务小农户和促进小农户组织化以赋能小农户的政策思路渐趋主流。但是,这些思路忽视了普通农业村庄中大量发生的事实:农户间土地流转使得农地经营方式多样化,不同农地经营方式的并存和转化正在给小农户农业带来积极影响。对安徽省D村的案例分析发现,自耕经营、出租经营和规模经营三种农地经营方式并存且相互转化,小农户在其间经历了现代农业发展的自然萌发,呈现出生产技术水平提高、市场连接程度增强、综合收益增加、多元种植和养殖得以保持等现代农业特征。小农户现代农业发展的萌发这一关键事实为理解和促进小农户农业发展和小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接提供了重要启示:小农户已经不是传统意义上的小农户,小农户生产已经具备一些现代农业发展的基本特征;小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的各种路径不能忽视村庄内部农户间土地流转和三种农地经营方式的并存与转化;要在不失去小农户主体性的基础上探索小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的路径,并使衔接路径能很好地对接村庄及其内部农户。

The Nineteenth National Congress has put forward the idea of“achieving the organic connection between small farmer households and modern agricultural development”,which has inspired lots of discussions on how to achieve this organic connection.There are three policy thoughts which compete with each other.The first one is that small farmer households are driven by new types of agricultural business entities.The second one is that small farmer households are served by the system of socialized agricultural services.The third one is that small farmer households are stimulated and energized by farmers’organizations.However,these three policy thoughts have ignored the fact that has happened in ordinary villages:the land transfer among farmer households leads to diverse farmland operation modes.The co-existence and transformation of different farmland operation modes are bringing positive effects to small-scale farmers’agriculture.In village D of Anhui Province,three farmland operation modes,namely,self-cultivation,rental,and scale management,co-exist and transform each other.Small farmer households have gone through the natural germination of modern agricultural development,showing the improvement of technical abilities,the enhancement of marketing connectivity,the increase of comprehensive benefits,and the maintaining of the agroecological system.Although the applicability of these facts discovered in the case village needs to be verified by statistical studies,the germination of modern agricultural development for small farmer households has provided some important implications on how to develop agriculture for small farmer households and how to achieve the organic connection between small farmer households and modern agricultural development.Small farmer households no longer belong to traditional small farmer households,and their production has some basic characteristics of modern agricultural production.At the same time,the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development does not necessarily refer to the connection between small farmers and existing business entities and organizational systems.The influences brought by the land transfer among farmer households within the village,as well as the co-existence and transformation of three farmland operation modes,should not be ignored.Through exploring various connecting trajectories,small farmer households will be able to develop modern agriculture and follow the connecting trajectory without losing their subjectivity.