青藏高原自然保护地与乡村社区共生模式研究——以孟达国家级自然保护区为例

Study on the Symbiotic Mode of Natural Protected Areas and Rural Communities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau——Taking the Mengda National Nature Reserve as an Example

通过对青藏高原自然保护地建设问题的分析,认为保护地与乡村社区二者关系的研究是保护地建设的关键.根据对保护地与乡村社区关系的回顾,认为从空间营造的角度探讨保护地与乡村社区共生模式是解决青藏高原保护地建设的重要途径之一.以孟达国家级自然保护区为例,分析保护区与乡村社区共生关系的形成、演变机制,提出保护区与乡村社区共生界面——小流域是问题研究的重点.分析共生界面的特征,提出3种尺度的营造策略——小流域景观规划、乡村聚落重构与绿色建筑营造.流域尺度强调上游河源区的生态保护,中游河谷的生态保育和下游河口区的生态修复;聚落尺度提出将社区作为景观资源与旅游设施的重构策略;院落尺度利用绿色建筑技术营造新型民居,实现重构聚落的核心内容和小流域景观规划的重点环节,回应保护区资源环境保护与社区发展之间的矛盾关系,促进保护区与社区共生模式的形成.

Through the analysis of the construction of the natural reserve in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,it is considered that the study of the relationship between protected areas and rural communities is the key to the construction of protected areas.According to the review of the relationship between protected areas and rural communities,it is considered that exploring the symbiotic mode between protected areas and rural communities from the perspective of space creation is an important way to solve the construction of protected areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Taking the Mengda National Nature Reserve as an example,the formation and evolution mechanism of the symbiotic relationship between the protected area and the rural community is analyzed,and the symbiotic interface between the protected area and the rural community is proposed.The small watershed is the focus of the problem research.Analyze the characteristics of the symbiotic interface and propose three scales of construction strategies-small watershed landscape planning,rural settlement reconstruction and green building construction.The basin scale emphasizes the ecological protection of the upper reaches of the river source area,the ecological conservation of the middle reaches of the valley and the ecological restoration of the downstream estuary area;the settlement scale proposes the community as the reconstruction strategy of the landscape resources and tourism facilities;the yard scale uses the green building technology to create a new type of dwelling.It reconstructs the core content of the settlement and the key links of the small watershed landscape planning,responds to the contradiction between the environmental protection of the protected area resources and the community development,and promotes the formation of the symbiotic mode between the protected area and the community.