中国企业薪酬水平对劳动力错配影响研究

The Effect of Firm’s Wage on Labor Misallocation

采用1998—2007年中国工业企业数据,利用半参数LP方法测算中国的TFP,在HK模型测算框架基础上构造劳动力错配指数,并对中国的劳动力错配程度及其对TFP的损失效应进行测算,最后着重分析中国企业薪酬水平对劳动力错配的影响,并探讨影响机制。研究结果发现:中国不同地区和所有制的TFP存在异质性,东部地区的TFP显著高于西部地区,外资企业的TFP显著高于国有企业;中国的劳动力错配程度整体上呈现出下降的良好趋势,东部和东北地区的劳动力错配程度显著低于中西部地区,外商投资企业的劳动力错配程度显著低于国有企业;改善劳动力错配程度可以显著提升TFP,且国有企业的TFP发展潜力最高,在不增加技术投入等条件下,劳动力资源合理配置,国有企业的TFP可以提升13%;进一步的计量结果表明,提升企业的薪酬水平对劳动力错配有显著的改善效应,但在不同地区和所有制企业间存在异质性。影响机制的分析结果表明,提升薪酬水平一方面提高了企业的存活概率,促进市场竞争;另一方面“倒逼”企业提高自身的生产率,从而改善劳动力错配。

This paper uses the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database over 1998-2007 to measure China’s TFP using the semi-parametric LP method,and then constructs the labor misallocation index based on the HK framework.Furthermore,this paper estimates the degree of labor misallocation and TFP loss in China,and analyzes the impact of firm’s wage on labor misallocation and discusses the possible mechanisms.The results show that:TFP in different regions and firms with different ownership in China is heterogeneous.Specifically,TFP in the eastern region is significantly higher than that in the western region,and foreign-funded enterprises TFP is significantly higher than that of state-owned enterprises.China’s labor misallocation generally presents a declining trend.In detail,the labor misallocation in the eastern and northeast regions are significantly lower than that in the central and western regions,and the labor misallocation of foreign-funded enterprises is significantly lower than that of state-owned enterprises.Eliminating labor misallocation can significantly improve TFP,and the TFP of state-owned enterprises has the highest development potential.Under the condition of constant technical input,the TFP of state-owned enterprises can increase by 13%if labor forces are allocated efficiently.Improving firm’s wage has a significant positive effect on labor misallocation,and there is significant heterogeneity across regions and ownership.The results of further mechanism tests indicate that raising firm’s wage not only improves its survival probability,but also increases its TFP.