《共同纲领》与新中国的不成文宪法（1949-1954）

“The Common Programme” and China’s Unwritten Constitntion(1949-1954)

统一战线与政治协商会议各有各的历史传统,它们是在1948-1949年新的政治协商会议筹备过程中逐步被认知并结合起来的,从而使得统一战线获得政治协商会议这种组织形式,而政治协商会议也因此获得了新的基础与性质。中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议具有双重属性,既作为统一战线的组织形式,又作为全国人民代表大会的临时代行机关,这种双重属性决定了"三大文件"不同的性质与功能。《政协组织法》和《共同纲领》本质上是党派间的政治合意,是政协作为统一战线组织形式的自我立法,《政府组织法》建构了中央人民政府,在内容上更接近于现代成文宪法,是政协第一届全体会议作为全国人民代表大会临时代行机关的政治决断。"三大文件"虽然具有不同的属性和功能,但共同构成中华人民共和国成立的法权基础,成为1949-1954年间中国的"不成文宪法"。

The united front and the political consultative conference have their own historical traditions.They were gradually recognized and integrated in the preparatory process of the new political consultative conference in 1948-1949, thus making the united front obtain the organizational form of the political consultative conference, and thus the political consultative conference acquired a new basis and nature. The first plenary session of the Chinese people’ s political consultative conference establishes the People’ s Republic of China and has the dual attribute, both as the organization form of the united front and parties consultation institutions, and as a temporary designated authority of the National People’s Congress(NPC),this dual attribute determines the Three Files of different attributes and functions."The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC) Organic Law" and "the Common Programme" is essentially a political agreement between the parties, and is the self-legislation of the CPPCC as a united front organization form." The Central People’ s Government Organic Law" is closer to the modern written constitution in the content, and is the political decisions of the first plenary session of the CPPCC as temporary designated authority of the NPC. Although the Three Files have different attributes and functions, they constitute the legal basis for the establishment of the People’s Republic of China and become the "unwritten constitution" of China from 1949 to 1954.