新中国成立70年来我国大气污染防治历程、成就与经验

Process,Achievements and Experience of Air Pollution Control in China Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 Years Ago

自20世纪70年代以来,我国在经济持续增长、能源消耗不断增加的同时,及时缓解了各类主要的大气环境问题,有效避免了欧美发达国家曾经出现的严重大气污染灾害.然而,目前我国仍然面临着大气污染尤其是二次污染的严峻挑战.为此,非常有必要全面梳理与分析新中国成立70年以来,特别是自20世纪70年代至今,我国大气污染防治的历程、成就与经验.结果表明:我国在各阶段的大气污染防治过程中均取得了较为明显的环境空气质量改善成就与较为丰富的污染防控经验,并在此过程中形成了具有中国特色的大气污染防治理论与管理模式,构建了系统科学的大气污染综合防控体系.今后我国大气污染治理工作应进一步明确各级政府主体责任,强化重点污染源治理,继续调整优化四大结构,统筹兼顾,强化区域联防联控,强化科技能力建设,注重大气环境问题预测,加强环境科学与技术研究,共同推进大气污染防治,打赢蓝天保卫战.

Since 1970s,the major atmospheric environmental problems have been mitigated in time,severe atmospheric pollution disasters have been avoided efficiently,and the air quality has been improved significantly along with China's rapid economic growth and sustained increase in energy consumption.However,at present,China still faces serious challenges of air pollution,especially secondary pollution.Therefore,the process,achievements and experience of China's air pollution prevention and control since the founding of the People's Republic of China,especially since the 1970s,were combed and analysed comprehensively.The achievements of air quality improvement,new theory and new management modes with Chinese characteristics were highlighted and a control system was established in the process of prevention and control of atmospheric pollution and the systematic scientific air pollution prevention.China's future air pollution control work should further clarify the main responsibilities of governments at all levels,strengthen the management of key pollution sources,continue to adjust and optimize the four major structures,make overall plans,strengthen regional joint defense and control,strengthen scientific and technological capacity building,pay attention to the prediction of atmospheric environmental problems,and strengthen research in environmental science and technology.In this way,the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution will be promoted together,so that the three-year plan on defending the blue sky will be completed satisfactorily.