城市低碳化的就业效应——基于空间外溢视角的分析

The Impact of Low-carbon City on Employment——Based on the Analysis of Spatial Spillover

论文将城市低碳化分成投入和产出两个方面,选取中国内地283个地级市作为研究对象,构建空间计量模型来度量城市低碳化对就业数量以及就业结构的直接效应和间接效应。实证结果表明:就业具有较强的正向空间溢出效应,城市低碳化不仅会影响本地区就业,同时也会影响周边城市就业;城市污染治理水平提高能够有效促进就业和改善就业结构,因此企业在应对环境规制应更多的注重技术创新和扩大规模,而不是进行地区或产业间的转移;目前我国对城市碳汇的投入还不够合理,对城市绿化建设效率不高,城市绿化还难以通过改善人居环境进而影响就业。

The paper divides low-carbon city into two aspects of input and output, and constructs a spatial econometric model to measure the direct and indirect effects of low-carbon city on quantity and structure of employment with 283 prefecture-level cities in China's Mainland as research objects. The empirical results show as follow: 1) employment has a strong positive spatial spillover effect. Low-carbon city will not only affect employment in the region, but also affect employment in surrounding cities. 2) Increased urban pollution control can effectively promote employment and improve employment structure. Therefore, enterprises should pay more attention to technological innovation and scale expansion in response to environmental regulation, rather than inter-regional or inter-industry transfer. 3) China’s current investment in urban carbon sinks is not reasonable enough, and the efficiency of urban greening construction is not high. Urban greening is also difficult to influence employment by improving the living environment.