中间道路的艺术社会学——詹尼特·沃尔芙艺术社会学思想探析

An analysis of Janet Wolff’s thought on sociology of art

詹尼特·沃尔芙是英国艺术社会学的代表人物。她从马克思主义立场出发,认为艺术会受到社会历史因素的影响,并且具有意识形态性,由此论证了艺术的社会性。与此同时,她认为艺术有其特殊性,不能简单地还原为社会历史因素和意识形态。艺术社会学应该将美学纳入研究图景。在此基础上,她对美国艺术社会学进行了批判:它对宏观的社会历史因素重视不够,流于琐碎;对艺术的意识形态因素反思不足,偏于天真;将审美排除出艺术社会学,倾向于简单的还原论。凡此种种,都是沃尔芙不能接受的。反过来,她也认为对于解决英国艺术社会学的问题,美国艺术社会学可以提供重要帮助:后者的经验研究可以弥补前者过于理论化的弊病。沃尔芙认为,一种既注重艺术社会建构性也注重艺术独特性的“社会学美学”,才是艺术社会学的未来之所在。

As a prominent figure in sociology of art in the UK, Janet Wolff proved the social nature of art from the perspective of Marxism. Meanwhile, she believed that aesthetics should be included in the research field of art. She criticized the sociology of art in the US for its neglect of social and historical factors, insufficient reflection on ideology and the ignorance of aesthetics. On the other hand, she noted that the British sociology of art can borrow experience from its American counterpart. Her conclusion was that only the sociological aesthetics which pays attention to both social construction of art and the specificity of art is promising.