人权保障视野下刑事制定法与刑事习惯法的“互养式互动”模式

The Mode of “Syntrophism and Interaction”between Criminal Statute Law and Criminal Customary Law:From the Perspective of the Protection of Human Rights

刑事习惯法在人权保障中扮演着“维护者”和“破坏者”的双重角色。国家法单纯对刑事习惯法进行改造或者予以宽容都不能解决刑事制定法与刑事习惯法的协调问题。应当建立一种刑事制定法与刑事习惯法的“互养式互动”模式,一方面在刑事制定法的制定过程,应密切关注民间知识和民间智慧,通过制度细节吸收刑事习惯法,另一方面刑事习惯法要根据刑事制定法的基本原则和行为标准自我调适。同时,在刑事立法与刑事司法中将刑事习惯法考虑进去,给刑事习惯法留下合适的空间,适当扩大自诉罪名范围,刑事和解中也适当参照刑事习惯法来作为判断依据。通过“互养式互动”模式形成合理的法律机制,最大程度地消除刑事习惯法在人权保障中的消极性,释放刑事习惯法的正能量。

Criminal customary law plays the roles of “protector” and “destroyer” in protecting human rights. The incoordination between criminal statute law and criminal customary law cannot be reconciled by the reformation or tolerance of criminal customary law according to the national law. A mode of “syntrophism and interaction” shall be established. On the one hand, during the procedure of making criminal statute law, the knowledge and wisdom of common people shall be noted, and criminal customary law shall be absorbed through the details of the institution. On the other hand, the criminal customary law shall make adjustment according to the basic principles and standards of criminal statute law. Meanwhile, the criminal customary law shall be taken into consideration in criminal legislation and judicature, and give proper room to criminal customary law, properly enlarge the scope of private prosecution charges. In criminal reconciliation, criminal customary law shall be properly used as reference. A reasonable legal mechanism shall be formed through this mode. Thus, the negative effect of criminal customary law can be eliminated, and the positive power of it can be fully demonstrated.