饲料中呕吐毒素对不同阶段商品猪及种猪的影响

Research Progress on Effects of Vomitoxin in Feed on Commercial and Breeding Pigs at Different Stages

我国不仅是畜牧业生产和消费大国,同时饲料产量也居世界首位,作为饲料中最常添加的谷物原料,其质量安全对饲料生产和养殖业有着重要影响。小麦、玉米等谷物在其生长、收获及加工等阶段未及时按规定处理会产生大量的霉菌毒素,其中呕吐毒素最为常见。呕吐毒素(DON)主要由镰刀菌属(如禾谷镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌等)产生,会造成不同阶段商品猪及种猪呕吐、肌肉出血、生长性能和繁殖力的下降等。本文综述了饲料中DON的污染现状及其对养猪生产的危害,进而提出了综合防治措施,为畜牧业生产者更好地防治DON污染、提高养殖收益提供系统科学参考。

China is not only a big country of animal husbandry production and consumption,but also the world’s top feed production.As grain which accounts for a large proportion of feed,its quality and safety play an important role in feed production and swine industry.During the growth,harvest and processing stages of wheat and maize,a large number of mycotoxins are produced if they are not treated in time,among which vomitoxin is the most popular.Vomitoxin,also known as deoxynivalenol(DON),is mainly produced by fusarium oxysporum and fusarium oxysporum.Dietary DON can lead feed intake reduction,vomiting,muscle bleeding and reproductive performance reduction in swine.This paper reviewed the current situation of DON pollution in feed and its harm to swine production,and then put forward comprehensive prevention measures,which provided a systematic and scientific understanding for farmers to better prevent and control DON pollution and improve breeding income.