矿山生态环境低损害开采体系与方法

Low ecological environment damage technology and method in coal mines

大规模高强度的采矿活动导致了严重的生态环境破坏,为了实现矿山生态环境低损害开采,必须遵循生态环境低损害采前规划的理念,从源头走生态环境低损害开采的自主创新之路。总结了采矿活动造成的生态环境破坏表现形式,阐述了生态环境损害开采模式与分类,分析了生态环境低损害开采的评价依据、评价指标及评价标准,明确了生态环境低损害开采的内涵,给定了生态环境低损害的"生态阈限",提出了将采矿活动"开采阈限"导致的生态环境损害约束到"生态阈限"之内的矿山生态环境低损害开采理念。进一步给出了生态环境低损害开采的设计方法,阐述了集绿色开采、深地开发、智能采矿、未来矿业等主要研究方向的典型代表技术为一体的生态环境低损害开采技术体系。开滦集团唐山矿的工程实践证明了充填开采等典型生态环境低损害开采技术工程示范效应。未来将从指标体系构建、开采损害评测、开采方法创新、开采系统融合等方面继续创新完善生态环境低损害开采的技术体系与基础理论,以期为实现煤炭及伴生资源的绿色化开采提供有力的技术支持。

Large-scale and high-intensity mining activities have led to a serious environmental degradation. In order to achieve low ecological environment damage mining (LEEDM),it is necessary to follow the concept of pre-mining plan for the low impact of ecological environment,and realize the independent innovation of LEEDM from the source. This paper summarized the manifestations of ecological and environmental damage caused by mining activities,expounded the pattern and classification of LEEDM,provided a basic and standard evaluation method and criteria for LEEDM,and put forward the definition and connotation of LEEDM. Meanwhile,this paper stated the “ecological threshold” of low ecological environment damage and proposed the concept of LEEDM which can limit the “mining threshold” of mining activities to the “ecological threshold” of low ecological environment damage. Furthermore,it presented the design method of LEEDM,and expounded the technology system which integrated the typical technologies of green mining, deep resources exploitation,intelligent mining,future mining,etc. The engineering practice in the Tangshan Mine of Kailuan Group has proved that typical LEEDM technology engineering such as filling mining boasted a demonstration effect. In the future,in order to provide powerful technical support for green mining of coal and its associated resources,the authors will continue to innovate and improve the technical system and basic theory of LEEDM from the aspects of index system construction ,mining risks evaluation,mining method innovation, and mining system integration.