岩石蠕变-冲击试验研究——现状与展望

Creep-impact test of rock:Status-of-the-art and prospect

在深部岩体工程中,爆破等开挖扰动是触发岩爆的关键性因素,然而岩爆通常是滞后于爆破扰动一段时间才发生,表现出明显的时滞性,这给岩爆的预测和预警带来了巨大的困难。岩石蠕变-冲击力学行为的研究是揭示滞后型岩爆的力学基础。因此,蠕变-冲击受力条件下岩石的力学特性研究具有重要的理论意义与工程应用价值。本文阐述了岩石蠕变-冲击力学特性研究的工程背景及意义,重点介绍了蠕变加载条件下岩石的力学特性、岩石蠕变-冲击试验研究的现状,并综述了蠕变-冲击载荷下岩石力学行为的研究进展。在此基础上,展望了岩石蠕变-冲击力学研究的未来发展趋势,其中包括试验设备的改进与试验方法、蠕变-冲击过程中岩石的损伤表征、岩石在蠕变-冲击条件下的本构关系、该试验研究对于岩体损伤与破坏预测预警的理论意义等方面,指出了未来岩石蠕变-冲击力学性能研究的方向。

The excavation disturbances,such as blasting,play a crucial role to trigger the rockburst in deep rock mass engineering. However,the rockburst usually lags behind the blasting disturbances,which brings great difficulties to predict rockburst and provide early-warnings. Therefore,there is of great importance in both theoretical and practical perspectives to study the mechanical behavior of rock under the creep-impact loading. To begin with,the engineering background and significance of the mechanical characteristics of rock under the creep-impact loading are presented. Then,the mechanical properties of rock under creep loading and research progresses of rock under the creep-impact loading test are reviewed. Meanwhile,the mechanical behaviors of rock under the creep-impact loading conducted by the authors are introduced. On this basis,this paper provides the research prospect of the rock creep-impact loading, which includes the improvement of test machine and method,damage characterization and establishment of constitutive relation of rock under creep-impact loading,theoretical significance for predicting and early-warning of rock damage and failure and so on. In the end,this paper also points out the future development of creep-impact test of rock.