经济救亡与社会变迁：全面抗战时期的四川工业合作

Economic Salvation & Social Change:Sichuan Industrial Cooperation during the Total War of Resistance against Japan

全面抗战时期,日军封锁加剧,国内经济形势剧变,抗战也成了加速中国社会内部生产变革的重要推动力。这一时期兴起的工业合作运动,是在特殊的形势下以工业合作的方式开展动员、组织生产的经济救亡活动。战时四川的工业合作,是中国抗战大后方经济救亡的重要组成部分,也是适应国民政府和社会各界开发后方资源、支持持久抗战的必然产物。四川“工合”良好的产销业绩不仅服务于抗战救亡需求,而且推动了地方经济发展。四川“工合”的福利政策有利于促进城乡建设,教育培训又使得合作社社员观念发生改变,增强了抗战救国意识。作为战时生产动员及农村手工业发展模式之一,工业合作至今仍有一定的思想与实践上的借鉴意义。

During the total war of resistance against Japan, when the Japanese army intensified the military blockade and the domestic economic situation was rapidly changing , the war of resistance became an important driving force to accelerate the changes in the internal production of Chinese society. The industrial cooperation movement during this period was economic salvation by means of mobilizing and organizing the production under the special circumstnces. The wartime industrial cooperation in Sichuan was a crucial part of the economic salvation in the rear area of Chinese war of resistance. Also, it was an inevitable outcome for the national government and all sectors of the society to develop the resources in the rear area to support the protracted war of resistance. The good performance of Sichuan “Gonghe”( Industrial Cooperation) in both production and sales not only served the needs of resistance and national salvation, but also promoted the local economic development . Its welfare policy benefited the urban and rural construcitons while the educational training enabled its members to change their concepts and raised the awareness of nation-al salvation and resistance against the Japanese invation. As a model of wartime production mobilization and development of rural handicraft industry, the industrial cooperation still has certain positive use for reference to today’s economic development in both thoughts and practice.