Investigation of sodium vanadate as a high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode

Due to the intrinsic advantages of nontoxicity, low-cost, and abundant resource of metallic zinc, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted universal interest [1,2]. Tremendous cathode materials have been exploited in aqueous ZIBs, such as manganese-based materials [3-11], Co-based materials [12,13] and vanadium-based materials [14-21].