内战后美国户外生活的流行与资源保护运动的兴起

The Popularity of the Outdoor Life and the Rise of Conservation Movement after the Civil War in the U.S.A

内战后,美国大批户外生活爱好者通过狩猎、垂钓、野营、登山或科学考察等方式,积极地走进自然,进行休闲、娱乐、疗养或科学探索。通过户外生活,参与者或发现了“自然之美”,并从自然的内在价值出发要求从整体上“保留”自然;或面对被破坏的户外休闲场所和曰益减少的野生动植物等问题,出于维持户外生活持续开展的目的,要求保护野生动物及其栖息地和各类休闲胜地。因保护自然资源的理念存在差异,故户外生活爱好者也分为不同阵营,但他们的实践均推动了资源保护运动的诞生与发展。

After the civil war,a large number of outdoor life enthusiasts actively went into the nature for leisure,entertainment,recuperation and scientific exploration through hunting,fishing,camping,mountaineering and scientific investigations.Through the outdoor life,the participants discovered the beauty of nature and demanded to retain nature for the intrinsic value,required to protect the wild animals and their habitats as well as various recreational attractions aiming to continue outdoor life in face of the problem of destroyed outdoor recreation places and the decreasing number of the wild animals and plants.The Concepts to protected the Natural Resources among the outdoor enthusiasts were different from each other,but they all pushed forward the birth and development of the movement.