汉语偏正复句的优势语序与其语义制约

The Dominant Order and Semantic Constraints of Chinese Subordinate Complex Sentences

汉语偏正复句在内部语序上呈现出明显的倾向性规律,具体表现为“假设—条件/转折—因果—目的”这一等级序列。该序列中,越靠左的偏正复句,偏句前置的倾向越大;越靠右的偏正复句,偏句后置的倾向越大。整体来看,该序列中“目的”之前的偏正复句以“前偏后正”为优势语序,目的复句则以“前正后偏”为优势语序。上述偏正复句的优势语序以及连续统所显示的各类偏正复句之间的等级差异可以从语义出发得到解释。

There is an obvious tendency in the internal order of Chinese subordinate complex sentences,that is the hierarchy order of hypothetical clause>conditional/concessive clause>causal clause>purpose clause.In this sequence,the more on the left,the bigger the preposing inclination of subordinate clause is,the more on the right,the bigger the postposing inclination of subordinate clauses is.Overall,the dominant order of hypothetical,conditional,concessive and causal clauses is preposition,and the dominant order of purpose clause is postposition.The above hierarchical order and the level differences among different subordinate complex sentences could be explained from the semantic point of view.