新中国成立以来科技工作者队伍的发展

Development of scientific and technological professionals since the founding of new China

新中国成立以来,中国科技工作者的数量从1949年的26万增长到2016年的5282万,中国从解放初期积贫积弱的国家迈入了世界科技大国的行列。在总结以往对科技工作者研究成果的基础上,运用计量和考证相结合的测算方法,对每一个历史阶段科技工作者的数量、结构进行了分析,结合每一个历史时期社会发展政策背景的影响,探寻了新中国成立以来中国科技工作者队伍的发展脉络,展现了科技、教育与社会发展紧密融合的关系。

Since the founding of new China 70 years ago, the number of scientific and technological professionals in China has increased from 260,000 in 1949 to 52.82 million in 2016, and China has stepped into the ranks of the world's largest scientific and technological countries from a poor and weak country.On the basis of summing up the previous research results of scientists and technicians, this paper makes an analysis of the number and the structure of scientists and technicians in each historical stage by using the method of calculation combined with textual research, and the influence of the social development policy background in each historical period to explore the science and technology in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China.The development of scientific and technological professionals also shows a close integration of science and technology, education and social development.