中国科技研发经费体系的发展与现状

China’s R&D funding system

作为推动科技发展的重要资源,科技研发经费的配置决定着科技发展的方向和重点。自新中国成立以来,虽然经历了多次波折,但中国科技研发经费整体经历了快速增长,其重点经历了多次调整,逐步形成了中国现有的科技研发经费结构体系和管理体系。梳理了中国科技研发经费体系的发展演变及改革动向,提出了几个重点的发展阶段;通过研究经费的数据分析了中国科技研发经费体系的投入和支出结构,讨论了中国区域的研发经费情况。

The allocation of science and technology R&D funds, an important resource to promote the development of science and technology, determines the direction and the focus of the development of science and technology.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's R&D funds have experienced a rapid growth despite the twists and turns.After several rounds of adjustment of the key points of China's R&D funds, China's existing structural system and management system of science and technology R&D funding are formed gradually.This study reviews the development and the evolution of China's R&D funding systems and identifies several key development stages.Through the data of the funding, we analyze the investment and the expenditure structure of China's R&D funding system and the R&D expenditures in different regions of China.Finally, some suggestions are put forward.