小浆果中食源性甲型肝炎病毒和诺如病毒流行状况及检测方法的研究进展

Recent Progress in Prevalence and Detection Methods of Foodborne Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus in Berries

小浆果是食源性甲型肝炎病毒(hepatitis A virus,HAV)和诺如病毒(norovirus,NoV)感染爆发的重要传播载体,受到全世界的广泛关注。为及时了解小浆果产品的病毒污染情况,需要对不同类型小浆果中的食源性病毒进行准确检测。由于受污染的小浆果携带病毒含量较低,且自身质地脆弱并含有大量果胶、多酚、多糖、色素等反转录聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)抑制物,容易产生大量的"假阴性"结果,给食源性病毒的监测带来困难。在广泛查阅文献的基础上,本文综述了HAV和NoV在小浆果中的流行状况,指出了小浆果中食源性病毒检测的改进方向,阐述了全程过程控制、分子过程控制和RT-PCR过程控制在食源性HAV和NoV检测中的应用情况,为加强HAV和NoV在小浆果中的防控能力提供方法学参考。

Berries are important vectors for the spread of foodborne hepatitis A virus(HAV) and norovirus(NoV), and have received worldwide attention. In order to identify the presence of foodborne viruses in berry products in a timely manner, sensitive methods are therefore needed. Due to the low concentration of HAV and NoV in contaminated berries that are weak in texture and contain a large amount of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) inhibitors such as pectin, polyphenols, polysaccharides and pigments, false-negative results easily occur, thereby making it difficult to monitor foodborne viruses. Based on an extensive review of the literature, the prevalence of foodborne HAV and NoV in berries is summarized, and future directions for the improvement of the existing detection methods for the two viruses in berries are proposed. Moreover, the applications of three types of process control, such as whole process controls, molecular process controls and RT-PCR controls are also discussed in the detection of HAV and NoV. In conclusion, this review provides a methodological basis for strengthening the surveillance capability of HAV and NoV in berries.