2014—2018年上海市闵行区流感流行病学特征及病原学分析

Epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza in Minhang District, Shanghai, 2014-2018

目的分析2014—2018年上海市闵行区流感流行特征及病原学监测情况。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统,收集流感样病例(ILI)就诊情况及病原学监测结果,进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2014—2018年上海市闵行区共报告ILI77982例,年均流感样病例就诊百分比(ILI%)为0.88%;ILI中以25~59岁年龄组报告例数最多,占比61.40%;期间共分离检测4272份标本,阳性率24.06%,不同监测年度的流感病毒阳性检出率之间的差异无统计学意义(χ^2=4.72,P=0.194>0.05),不同监测年度流感病毒的病原分型情况之间的差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=206.37,P<0.001)。除2016—2017年夏季峰不明显外,其他监测年度的流感发病高峰集中在7、8月及1、2月。结论2014—2018年上海市闵行区ILI发病高峰为夏季和冬季,儿童和学生的ILI构成比较低,应加强儿童和学生人群的监测。不同监测年度流行毒株不同,需积极关注哨点医院监测情况。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza in Minhang District Shanghai from 2014 to 2018.Methods The data of influenza-like illness(ILI)case report and pathogenic surveillance were retrieved from China Information System for Diseases Prevention and Control.The results were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2014 to 2018,a total of 77,982 ILI cases were reported in Minhang District,Shanghai,and the annual average ILI%was 0.88%.The majority of cases was reported from age group of 25-69,accounting for 61.40%of the total ILI.In total 4 272 throat swab specimens were collected and tested for ILI,and the positive rates of influenza virus was 24.06%.There was no significant difference between the positive detection rates of influenza virus in different monitoring years(χ^2=4.72,P=0.194>0.05),but the pathogenic subtypes of influenza virus were significantly different among different years(χ^2=206.37,P<0.001).Except for the summer peak of 2016-2017,the peak incidence of influenza in other years was concentrated in July,August,January and February.Conclusion From 2014 to 2018,the peak incidence of epidemic influenza in Minhang District occurred in winter and summer.The percentage of ILI in children and teenagers younger than 15 years old was the lowest and the monitoring should be strengthened.The epidemic strains varied in different years,so the monitoring of sentinel hospitals should be given more attention for the prevention and control of influenza.