南方某市公共场所集中空调通风系统送风中微生物污染状况调查

Investigation on microorganism pollution in central air conditioning ventilation system in a city in south China

目的对南方某市公共场所集中空调通风系统送风中细菌总数和真菌总数进行检测分析,为地方政府对集中空调通风系统卫生管理、监督决策提供依据,并为国家有关部门对现有政策和标准加以进一步研究和调整提供参考。方法根据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生评价标准》,2017—2018年对南方某市45家酒店、30家大型地下公共场所集中空调送风中微生物和地面对照组进行了检测分析。结果集中空调系统细菌总数的合格率为47.37%,真菌总数的合格率为54.21%,与地面对照的合格率差异无统计学意义。地下空调的真菌总数高于宾馆空调(P=0.00005<0.05);宾馆空调和地下空调真菌合格率分别为67.62%和37.65%(P<0.01);夏季和春季空调送风中细菌总数的合格率分别为40.00%和55.65%(P<0.05),真菌总数的合格率分别为61.00%和46.67%(P<0.05),真菌总数春季高于夏季(P=0.047<0.05)。结论南方某市公共场所集中空调通风系统送风中的细菌总数和真菌总数合格率较低,建议对其使用的全国统一卫生标准的合理性进行评估;国家标准之间进行协调和衔接;指导地方卫生监管部门加强监管的同时,要结合本地气候特点,选择合理的检测评价指标。

Objective To detect and analyze the total number of both bacteria and fungi in the air supply of central air-conditioning ventilation systems in public places in a southern city,so as to provide a basis for the local government to manage and supervise the centralized air-conditioning ventilation systems,and to provide a reference for the relevant national departments to further study and adjust the existing policies and standards.Methods According to the“Hygienic Evaluation Standards for Centralized Air-Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Public Places”,from 2017 to 2018,the microorganisms in the air of the central air conditioning supply of 45 hotels,30 large underground public places,and the ground control group were detected and analyzed in a southern city.Results The qualified detection rate of the central air conditioning ventilation system for bacteria and fungi was 47.37%and 54.21%,respectively.There was no significant difference compared to control group.The total number of fungi in underground air conditioning system was higher than that in hotel air conditioning(P<0.05).The qualified rate of fungi in air conditioning system of hotels and the underground air-conditioning were 67.62%and 37.65%,respectively(P<0.01).The qualified rate of the total number of bacteria in air conditioning system in summer and spring were 40.00%and 55.65%,respectively(P<0.05).The qualified rate of the total number of fungi were 61.00%and 46.67%in summer and spring,respectively(P<0.05),whereas the total number of fungi in spring was higher than that in summer(P<0.05).Conclusion The qualified rate of the total number of bacteria and the total number of fungi in the air supply of the centralized air conditioning ventilation system in the public places detected in a southern city were relatively low.It is suggested to evaluate the rationality of the unified national health standard,and to coordinate and link up relevant national standards.While instructing local health supervision departments to strengthen supervision and management,it is necessary to select reasonable detection and evaluation indicators in combination with local climate characteristics.