深圳市南山区空气污染对小学生肺功能影响调查

Investigation on the effect of air pollution on pulmonary function of primary school students in Nanshan District, Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市南山区大气污染对该区小学生肺功能的影响。方法于2018年11~12月,随机抽取深圳市空气污染程度不同的两区各1所小学3~5年级学生共346人(龙岗区A校159人,南山区B校187人),进行肺功能检测及问卷调查。结果两区主要大气污染物PM10、PM2.5、O3-8h和NO2超出国家空气质量二级标准,南山区的B校周围PM10、SO2、CO和NO2平均浓度高于龙岗区的A校,龙岗区O3-8h平均浓度高于南山区,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);南山区B校小学生FVC、FEV1、PEF、FEF25%、FEF75%等肺功能指标与龙岗区A校小学生相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在按照年龄、性别进行分层分析后,两校学生肺功能差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论深圳市南山区空气污染状况并未对该区小学生肺功能产生显著影响,今后应继续加强对学龄儿童肺功能的监测和空气污染的防控以确保儿童呼吸系统健康。

Objective To investigate the effect of air pollution on the pulmonary function of primary school students in Nanshan District,Shenzhen.Methods From November to December 2018,a total of 346 students from Grade 3 to Grade 5 of each primary school in two districts with different levels of air pollution in Shenzhen were selected(159 students from school A in Longgang District and 187 students from school B in Nanshan District)by random cluster sampling for pulmonary function testing and a questionnaire survey.Results The average concentrations of PM10,SO2,CO and NO2 from the monitoring points around the two schools in 2018 exceeded the national air pollution level 2 stipulated by China Air Quality Standards(GB3095-2012).The average concentrations of PM10,SO2,CO and NO2 in school B in Nanshan District were higher than those in school A in Longgang District.The average concentration of O3-8h in school A was higher than that in school B,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in values of FVC,FEV1,PEF,FEF25%and FEF75%in children of school B in Nanshan District compared with that in children of Longgang District(P>0.05).After stratified analysis by age and gender,no significant differences were observed in lung function between the children from the two schools(P>0.05).Conclusion The air pollution situation in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City did not have a significant impact on the lung functions of primary school students in the district.However,continuous monitoring of lung functions in school children and prevention and control of air pollution should be increased to ensure healthy respiratory systems for children.