广西民族传统手工艺传承人生存心态的田野调查

FIELD INVESTIGATION ON HABITUS OF ETHNIC TRADITIONAL JANDICRAFT INHERITORS IN GUANGXI

借鉴布迪厄的"生存心态"理论,从历史经验、区分化辨析、文化资本再生产三个方面对32位民族传统手工艺传承人的生存心态进行田野调查发现,当前传承人的生存心态结构呈现平稳的、认同现实场域规则的行动导向,但传统与现代、主观与客观、自我与他人的冲突仍较为突出地呈现为三个方面:首先是场域规则的改变,带来传承人历史经验与当前行动条件的冲突;其次是区分化原则的模糊,带来传承人对主体自身和对客体工艺认知的割裂;第三是手工艺功能改变,给传承人文化资本增殖带来新挑战。由此,手工艺传承群体需要更多、更具针对性的条件激励和保障,才能更好地实现传统工艺的振兴。

Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s habitus theory,a field investigation has been carried out on the habitus of 32 ethnic traditional handicraft inheritors in three aspects including historical experience,differentiation and analysis,and regeneration of cultural capital.The result shows that the habitus structure of current inheritors is stable and agrees with action orientation of practical field regulations.However,the conflicts between tradition and modernity,subjectivity and objectivity,self and others mainly take on the following three aspects.Firstly,the change of field regulations produces conflicts between the historical experience of inheritors and present action conditions;Secondly,differentiation principles are so obscure that inheritor cognition of themselves and objects’ techniques is separated;Thirdly,the change of handicrafts function adds new challenges to cultural capital growth to inheritors.Therefore,handicraft inheritor groups need more targeted incentives and securities in order to better revitalize traditional handicrafts.