栖霞市长春湖越冬期水鸟多样性及对气温的响应

Diversity of Waterfowl Community and Effects of Temperature on the Wintering Period of Changchun Lake in Qixia City

2017年10月-2018年3月和2018年10月-2019年3月采用样点法、分区直数法对烟台长春湖两个越冬期水鸟的群落结构、物种多样性及气温对其影响进行了调查研究.在湖区设置了18个观察样点,两个越冬期共记录水鸟6目8科28种,单次记录越冬水鸟的个体数量最高达1303只.所记录水鸟中以雁形目的鸭科为主,共12种,分别占记录水鸟总科数和总种数的12.5%和42.86%;其次为鸻形目,共3科8种,分别占37.5%和28.57%;目和鹤形目均仅为1科2种,分别占12.5%和7.14%;鹈形目为1科3种,占12.5%和10.71%.优势种有绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)、斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhyncha)和普通秋沙鸭(Mergus merganser)3种.两个越冬期鸟类群落多样性指数的月动态变化存在一定的差异.第一个越冬期辛普森和香农威纳指数均在3月最高、2月最低,第二个越冬期在10月最高,其次为3月,11月最低,2月也较低.Pearson相关系数分析表明,气温对越冬期水鸟种类和数量的影响存在一定的相关性.本研究表明长春湖是水鸟的一个重要的停歇点和越冬地,该区域的水鸟对维持湖区水域生态系统稳定性起到重要的作用.

From October 2017 to March 2018 and from October 2018 to March 2019,the community structure,species diversity of overwintering waterbirds or the influence of temperature in Yantai Changchun Lake were investigated by sample point method and zoning straight number method,respectively.Eighteen observation sites were set up in the lake area.A total of 28 species of water birds belonging to 8 families and 6 orders were recorded in the two overwintering periods.And the maximum number of individuals recorded in a single record was 1303.The recorded waterbirds is mainly the duck family,and 12 species were recorded,accounting for 12.5%and 42.86%of the total family and species.There are 8 species of 3 families in the Charadriformes,accounting for 37.5%and 28.57%respectively;Both the Podicedidae and Gruiformes are only 1 family and 2 species,accounting for 12.5%and 7.14%,respectively.There are 3 species in Ciconiiformes,accounting for 12.5%and 10.71%,respectively.The dominant species were Mallard(Anas platyrhynchos),Spot-billed Duck(Anas poecilorhyncha)and Common Merganser(Mergus merganser).There are some differences in the monthly dynamic variation of bird community diversity index between the two overwintering periods.The Simpson and Shannon Werner indices for the first winter were both highest in March and lowest in February.The Thompson index and the Shannon Weiner index for the second overwintering period were the highest in October,followed by March,lowest in November and lower in February.Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that there was a certain correlation between temperature and the species and number of overwintering waterbirds.Research shows that Changchun Lake is an important resting point and overwintering place for waterbirds,and waterbirds in this area play an important role in maintaining the stability of aquatic ecosystems in the lake area.