“多元协同”如何实现有效的风险沟通?——态度、能力和关系质量的影响

How to Achieve Effective Risk Communication through Multi-Actor Collaboration?——The Impact of Attitude,Capacity,and Relationship Quality

伴随多元主体参与的风险沟通新实践的产生,风险沟通由“忽视公众”“风险解释”和“风险对话”进入“构建伙伴关系”的新阶段,为风险沟通有效性的实现带来新的挑战。基于网络治理理论,论文认为新阶段有效的风险沟通是多元主体有机协同合作的结果,其本质是构建高效的多主体协同网络以达成集体行动,但目前鲜有研究关注风险沟通多主体合作。论文引入关系质量构念,探讨风险沟通网络主体及主体间关系对多主体合作效果的影响,以弥补研究空白。运用结构方程模型(SEM)对大型工程项目问卷调查结果的分析显示:关系质量作为描述主体间关系的新构念,具有内容效度与结构效度,能够用于解释风险沟通多主体合作效果;主体良好的合作态度和能力能够提高关系质量并最终促进风险沟通合作效果的实现。

With the emergence of the practice of stake-holder engagement, risk communication means“being a full partner”. This is the latest stage of public communications that began with“ignoring the public”,“explaining data better”, and “making dialogue happen”.This new approach brings new challenges to the realization of the effectiveness of risk communication. Based on network governance theory, this paper argues that effective risk communication in this new era will be the result of “effective multi-actor collaboration”. Its essence is to build an efficient multi-actor collaboration network that leads to collective actions. However, knowledge of collaborationsamong diverse stakeholders is still limited. With the introduction of the construct of relationship quality, this paper fills this gap by focusing on the collaboration effectiveness of the risk communications of multiple stakeholders and exploring the node-related and tie-related factors that influenced it. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the analysis of the survey data gathered from large-scale construction projects, reveals that: 1) relationship quality, as a new construct used to describe the relationship between actors, has content validity and structural validity and can be used to explain the collaboration effectiveness in risk communication;2) a collaboration in which participants have a more active collaborative attitude and a higher level of collaborative capacity, is more likely to have a higher relationship quality, which in turn may lead to a better collaboration effectiveness;and, 3) to realize effective risk communication in this new era requires government to re-orient risk communication governance mechanisms from vertical tohorizontal, to be more “relationship-oriented”, and to let relationship quality be the“glue”.