昌吉市制种玉米生长季气候条件与产量和生育期的关系

Relationship between Climate Conditions and Yield and Growth Period of Seed-producing Maize in Changji City

利用2008—2018年4—9月昌吉市平均气温、日照时数、降水等气象资料及同期的制种玉米单产和生育期数据为分析资料,采用线性气候倾向率法对昌吉市制种玉米生长季气候条件与产量生育期的关系进行研究。结果表明,2009—2018年昌吉市制种玉米生长季内的年平均气温、≥35℃高温日数、≥10℃有效积温呈现出逐年增加的趋势,年日照时数、年降水量、≥10℃温度持续日数均呈现出逐年减少的趋势;随着昌吉市气候变化,近10年制种玉米播种、出苗、三叶、七叶、拔节、抽雄、开花等各发育期均表现出不同程度的变化趋势,其中出苗期、三叶期、七叶期、抽雄期、乳熟期均表现出了不同程度的推迟趋势,其余生长期均表现出不同程度的提前趋势;年平均气温、≥10℃有效积温、≥35℃高温日数与制种玉米产量间总体呈现出负相关,也就是随着温度的增加,制种玉米产量不断下降,反之亦然;年降水量、日照与制种玉米产量间呈现出正相关关系,也就是随着降水量的增加,制种玉米产量也随之上升,反之亦然。

Based on the meteorological data of average temperature,sunshine hours,precipitation and the data of maize yield and growth period in Changji City from April to September 2008-2018,the relationship between climate conditions and yield growth period in the growing season of seed-producing maize in Changji City was studied by using the method of linear climatic tendency rate.The results showed that the annual average temperature,days of high temperature≥35℃and effective accumulated temperature≥10℃during the growing season of seed-producing maize in Changji City from 2009 to 2018 showed an increasing trend year by year,while the annual sunshine hours,annual precipitation and the days of temperature≥10℃decreased year by year.With the climate change in Changji City,the seeding,emergence,three-leaf,seven-leaf,jointing,staminating and flowering stages of seed-producing maize in recent 10 years showed varying degrees of variation trend,among which emergence,three-leaf,seven-leaf,staminating and milk-ripening stages showed varying degrees of delayed trend,while the other growth stages showed varying degrees of advance trend.The annual average temperature,effective accumulated temperature≥10℃and days of high temperature≥35℃were negatively correlated with the yield of seed-producing maize,and the annual precipitation,sunshine and yield of seed-producing maize were positively correlated.