铅氧化还原液流电池的研究进展及前景分析

Recent progresses and prospects of lead redox flow battery

铅氧化还原液流电池作为一种新型铅电池,具有一定的应用前景,正在逐渐成为电化学储能领域的一个研究热点。自2004年铅液流电池被提出15年来已经有不少相关研究,本文分析了铅液流电池的理论性能,回顾了其发展历程,介绍了其研发现状。现有研究中,电极面积为100cm^2的铅氧化还原液流电池可实现充电效率为90%和电压效率为80%的100次循环,且已有研究者对电极面积为1000 cm^2的电池堆进行了测试。计算与分析表明,铅液流电池与传统铅酸电池相比具有更低的储能成本,仅为0.265￥·(kW·h)^-1。铅液流电池目前急需解决的问题包括:①开展放大的试验;②筛选或开发集流体材料进一步降低成本;③研究其失效机理以提高其循环寿命;④找到合适的方法修复失效铅液流电池。

The lead redox flow battery(LRFB),as a novel type of lead battery,which has bright prospects in future research and application,is becoming a research focus in electrochemistry.Since it was proposed by Plctcher in 2004,a number of relative researches have been done.This paper analyzes the theoretical performances,reviews the development history,and introduces the research status of LRFB.Research outcomes exhibited that the performances of SLFB on the 100 cm^2 electrode scale reached 90%charge efficiencies and 80%voltage efficiencies across 100 cycles,and the tests on the 1000 cm^2 electrodes of SLFB were already done.According to theoretical calculation and analysis,the energy storage cost of LRFBs is only 0.265￥?(kW·h)^-1,which is lower compared with conventional lead acid batteries.The exigent problems of LRFB to be solved include:①scaleup experiments are necessary;②cost reduction by developing current collector materials;③failure mechanisms study to improve cycle life;④restore or repair methods for spent LRFB.