我国医务社会工作的探索与发展

Exploration and Development of Medical Social Work in China's Mainland

在健康中国的背景下,医务社会工作的发展有效回应了社会发展和人民群众的根本需求。早在1921年,以北京协和医院设立社会工作部为标志,医务社会工作即传入我国。新中国成立后,随着社会学类专业被取消,专业医务社会工作长期中断,直到20世纪80年代中后期恢复重建。回顾新中国医务社会工作发展史,我国医务社会工作的发展大致经历了中断、重建和逐步完善等几个阶段。现阶段,由于中国地域广阔、文化丰富,不同地区医务社会工作呈现不同的发展路径,从“购买服务,社会运作”或是“政策推动,医院运作”的单一路径,逐渐向“需求导向,多元整合”的发展路径转变,激发多方社会力量共同参与,促进医务社会工作灵活、延续发展。中国医务社会工作的发展依然需要政策推动,政府-社会-高校等多元互动和支持,加强专业人才培养,来推动医务社会工作发展。

In the context of Healthy China,the development of medical social work has effectively responded to the social development and the fundamental needs of the people.As early as 1921,with the establishment of the Social Work Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital,PUMCH,the medical social work was introduced to China.After the founding of New China,with the removal of social science majors in higher education institutes in China's Mainland,the professional medical social work was interrupted for a long time until the mid-tolat 1980s.Looking back on the history of the development of medical social work in New China,the development of medical social work in China has undergone through several stages,such as interruption,reconstruction and gradual improvement.At present,as China has vast territory and diverse culture,medical social work in different regions displays various paths of development.The transformation from the single path of“government purchasing services plus social operation”or“policy-driven plus hospital operations”to the path of“demand-oriented,multifacet integration”has happened gradually.It encourages the participation of various social forces and promotes the flexible and continuous development of medical social work.The development of China's Mainland’s medical social work still needs policy drive.The supportive interaction among government sectors,public society and higher education institutions,and the strengthening the training of professional talents are promoting the development of medical social work.