场域理论视角下农村精准扶贫的困境及其原因——基于内蒙古B村的实证研究

Analysis of the Dilemma of Rural Targeted Poverty Alleviation and the Reason from the Perspective of Field Theory——Based on a Field Study of B Village in Inner Mongolia

精准扶贫的目标在于更有效地满足贫困人口的现实需要,实现稳定脱贫,但是在具体的实践过程中却出现了诸多偏差。在扶贫实践的微观场域中,乡镇政府、地方精英(村干部)、驻村干部、极端行为者和普通村民基于不同的惯习和资本目的采取行动,导致扶贫工作出现基础设施过度建设、帮扶对象不符合条件、极端行为者易获得帮扶等偏差。同时,各行动主体在压力型体制和乡土惯习的作用下,不断地互动和博弈,并达成“共谋”,形成了一个自上而下和自下而上的“共谋圈”,进一步导致了政策表达与扶贫实践的背离。

The goal of“Targeted Poverty Alleviation”is to meet the real needs of the poor more effectively and achieve stable poverty alleviation,but there have been many deviations in the specific practice.In the micro-field of poverty-alleviation practice,the township governments,local elites(village cadres),the resident cadres,“extreme behavior”villagers,and the ordinary villagers acted on different habits and capital purposes,resulting in overconstruction of infrastructure for poverty alleviation,non-compliance with supporting objects,“extreme behavior”villagers more likely to get help and other deviations.At the same time,under the influence of pressure-based system and the local habits,the various actors have been constantly interacting and playing,and have reached a“collusion”,forming a down-top and top-down“collusion circle”,which further led to the deviation of policy expression from poverty alleviation practice.